Decision data were analyzed using probit mixed models for signal-detection-theory indices. The judges comprised blind individuals, sighted orientation-and-mobility specialists, and sighted individuals with infrequent socialization with blind individuals. In Phase II, transcriptions of the reports were judged as either genuine or imitated responses by a different set of blind and sighted participants, who also provided the reasoning for their decisions. In Phase I, blind and sighted individuals provided verbal reports of their thought processes associated with crossing a street-once while imitating the other group (i.e., as a pretender) and once responding genuinely (i.e., as a non-pretender). Specifically, we examined blind and sighted individuals’ ability to imitate each other in a street-crossing scenario. In this paper, we introduce a modified version of the imitation game and apply it to examine interactional expertise in the context of blindness. The imitation game, which has been used mainly in sociology to study the social nature of knowledge, may also be a useful tool for researchers who focus on cognitive aspects of expertise. To assess interactional expertise, researchers developed the imitation game-a variant of the Turing test-to test whether a person, or a particular group, possesses interactional expertise of another.
Interactional expertise is attained through long-term immersion into the expert community in question. Contributory experts have practical expertise-they can “walk the walk.” Interactional experts have internalized the tacit components of expertise-they can “talk the talk” but are not able to reliably “walk the walk.” Interactional expertise permits effective communication between contributory experts and others (e.g., laypeople), which in turn facilitates working jointly toward shared goals. The study of the sociology of scientific knowledge distinguishes between contributory and interactional experts. 5Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, College of Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
4Department of Psychology, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL, United States.3Social and Behavioral Sciences, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA, United States.2Department of Psychology, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States.1Envision Research Institute, Envision, Inc., Wichita, KS, United States.
Güler Arsal 1*, Joel Suss 2, Paul Ward 3, Vivian Ta 4, Ryan Ringer 2 and David W.
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